Effectiveness of the Multimodal Educational Model in Improving Adherence to Antiretroviral (ARV) Therapy: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is a key determinant of successful HIV management; however, non-adherence remains common due to limited knowledge, low motivation, and insufficient educational support. This literature review aims to analyze the effectiveness of various health education models in improving knowledge and adherence among patients with HIV undergoing ARV therapy. The literature search was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SINTA, and DOAJ, and five articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using a narrative approach. The findings indicate that audiovisual education, tutorial-based learning, self-directed education, adolescent counseling, as well as psychosocial and behavioral interventions consistently improve patients’ knowledge and adherence. Among all models, the multimodal approach demonstrates the most significant outcomes, as it addresses cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects comprehensively. In conclusion, multimodal education is recommended as a primary strategy to support the success of ARV therapy and to enhance the quality of life of individuals living with HIV.